该数据集包含了2014年1月1日至2014年12月31日黑河水文气象观测网下游裸地站气象要素观测系统数据。站点位于内蒙古额济纳旗达来呼布镇四道桥，下垫面是裸地。观测点的经纬度是101.1326E, 41.9993N，海拔878m。四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外表面温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下2cm、4cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分传感器（2014.3.15安装）分别埋设在地下2cm、4cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方。

观测项目有：四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤水分（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比) 、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm）(单位：摄氏度)。

观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；地表辐射温度IRT2在2014.10.12-11.8之间由于传感器的问题，数据缺失；2cm土壤水分在3.21-3.29和10.12-11.8之间由于探头的问题，数据部分缺失；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2014-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。

水文气象网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al.(2011)。

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本数据要求的多篇文献引用

1. Liu SM, Li X, Xu ZW, Che T, Xiao Q, Ma MG, Liu QH, Jin R, Guo JW, Wang LX, Wang WZ, Qi Y, Li HY, Xu TR, Ran YH, Hu XL, Shi SJ, Zhu ZL, Tan JL, Zhang Y, Ren ZG. The Heihe Integrated Observatory Network: A basin-scale land surface processes observatory in China. Vadose Zone Journal, 2018, 17:180072. doi:10.2136/vzj2018.04.0072查看 下载
2. Liu SM, Xu ZW, Wang WZ, Bai J, Jia Z, Zhu M, Wang JM. A comparison of eddy-covariance and large aperture scintillometer measurements with respect to the energy balance closure problem. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011, 15(4): 1291-1306. doi:10.5194/hess-15-1291-2011.查看 下载

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相关文献（作者推荐）

1. Xu ZW, Ma YF, Liu SM, Shi SJ, Wang JM. Assessment of the energy balance closure under advective conditions and its impact using remote sensing data. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 2017, 56: 127-140, doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-16-0096.1.查看下载
2. Liu SM, Xu ZW, Song LS, Zhao QY, Ge Y, Xu TR, Ma YF, Zhu ZL, Jia ZZ, Zhang F. Upscaling evapotranspiration measurements from multi-site to the satellite pixel scale over heterogeneous land surfaces. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, 230-231, 97-113. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.04.008.查看下载
3. Song LS, Liu SM, Kustas W P, Zhou J, Xu ZW, Xia T, Li MS. Application of remote sensing-based two-source energy balance model for mapping field surface fluxes with composite and component surface temperatures. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.01.005.查看下载
4. Song LS , Kustas WP, Liu SM, Colaizzi PD, Nieto H, Xu ZW, Ma YF, Li MS, Xu TR, Agam N, Tolk JA, Evett SR. Applications of a thermal-based two-source energy balance model using Priestley-Taylor approach for surface temperature partitioning under advective conditions. Journal of Hydrology, 2016, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.034.查看下载
5. Zhang Q, Sun R, Jiang GQ, Xu ZW, Liu SM. Carbon and energy flux from a Phragmites australis wetland in Zhangye oasis-desert area, China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2016.02.019.查看下载
6. Xu TR, Bateni S.M., Liang SL. Estimating turbulent heat fluxes with a weak-constraint data assimilation scheme: A case study (HiWATER-MUSOEXE). IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12 (1), 68-72.doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2326180查看下载
7. Wang JM, Zhuang JX, Wang WZ, Liu SM, Xu ZW. Assessment of uncertainties in eddy covariance flux measurement based on intensive flux matrix of HiWATER-MUSOEXE. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12 (2), 259-263. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2334703查看下载
8. Song LS, Liu SM, Zhang X, Zhou J, Li MS. Estimating and Validating Soil Evaporation and Crop Transpiration During the HiWATER-MUSOEXE. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12 (2), 334-338. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2339360查看下载
9. Qiao C, Sun R, Xu ZW, Zhang L, Liu LY, Hao LY, Jiang GQ. A study of shelterbelt transpiration and cropland evapotranspiration in an irrigated area in the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwestern China. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing   Letters, 2015, 12(2), 369-373. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2342219查看下载
10. Zhu ZL, Tan L, Gao SG, Jiao QS. Oberservation on soil moisture of irrigated cropland by cosmic-ray probe. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12(3), 472-476.查看下载
11. Ge Y, Liang YZ, Wang JH, Zhao QY, Liu SM. Upscaling sensible heat fluxes with area-to-area regression kriging.  IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12(3), 656-660.doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2355871查看下载
12. Ma YF, Liu SM, Zhang F, Zhou J, Jia ZZ. Estimations of regional surface energy fluxes over heterogeneous oasis-desert surfaces in the middle reaches of the Heihe River during HiWATER-MUSOEXE. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12(3), 671-675. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2356652查看下载
13. Bai, J., Jia, L., Liu, S., Xu, Z., Hu, G., Zhu, M., Song, L.. Characterizing the Footprint of Eddy Covariance System and Large Aperture Scintillometer Measurements to Validate Satellite-Based Surface Fluxes. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2015, 12(5), 943-947. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2014.2368580查看下载
14. Xu TR, Liu SM, Xu ZW, Liang SL, Xu L. A dual-pass data assimilation scheme for estimating surface fluxes with FY3A-VIRR land surface temperature. Sci. China Earth Sci., 2015, 58(2), 211-230, doi: 10.1007/s11430-014-4964-7.查看下载
15. Xu T, Liu S, Xu L, Chen Y, Jia Z, Xu Z, Nielson J. Temporal Upscaling and Reconstruction of Thermal Remotely Sensed Instantaneous Evapotranspiration. Remote Sensing. 2015, 7(3):3400-3425. doi:10.3390/rs70303400查看下载
16. Zhang L, Sun R, Xu ZW, Qiao C, Jiang GQ. Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Carbon Dioxide Exchange in Ecosystems in the Zhangye Oasis Area, Northwest China. PLoS ONE, 2015, 10(3). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120660查看下载
17. Song LS, Liu SM, William Kustas P, Zhou J, Ma YF. Using the Surface Temperature-Albedo Space to Separate Regional Soil and Vegetation Temperatures from ASTER Data. Remote Sensing, 2015, 7(5):5828-5848. doi:10.3390/rs70505828查看下载
18. Hu MG, Wang JH, Ge Y, Liu MX, Liu SM, Xu ZW, Xu TR. Scaling Flux Tower Observations of Sensible Heat Flux Using Weighted Area-to-Area Regression Kriging. Atmosphere 2015, 6, 1032-1044.查看下载
19. Zhou J, Li MS, Liu SM, Jia ZZ, Ma YF. Validation and performance evaluations of methods for estimating land surface temperatures from ASTER data in the middle reach of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. Remote Sensing, 2015, 7, 7126-7156.查看下载
20. Gao SG, Zhu ZL, Liu SM, Jin R, Yang GC, Tan L. Estimating spatial distribution of soil moisture based on Bayesian maximum entropy method with auxiliary data from remote sensing. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2014, 32, 54-66. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2014.03.003查看下载
21. Li Y, Sun R, Liu SM. Vegetation Physiological Parameters Setting in the Simple Biosphere Model 2 (SiB2) for alpine meadows in upper reaches of Heihe River. SCIENCE CHINA, 2014,doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4909-1查看下载
22. Xu ZW, Liu SM, Li X, Shi SJ, Wang JM, Zhu ZL, Xu TR, Wang WZ, Ma MG. Intercomparison of surface energy flux measurement systems used during the HiWATER-MUSOEXE. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2013,118, 13140-13157, doi:10.1002/2013JD020260.查看下载
23. Liu SM, Xu ZW, Zhu ZL, Jia ZZ, Zhu MJ. Measurements of evapotranspiration from eddy-covariance systems and large aperture scintillometers in the Hai River Basin, China. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 487, 24-38.查看下载

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专题文献

1. Li X, Cheng GD, Liu SM, Xiao Q, Ma MG, Jin R, Che T, Liu QH, Wang WZ, Qi Y, Wen JG, Li HY, Zhu GF, Guo JW, Ran YH, Wang SG, Zhu ZL, Zhou J, Hu XL, Xu ZW. Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (HiWATER): Scientific objectives and experimental design. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2013, 94(8): 1145-1160, 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00154.1.查看 | 下载
2. 李新, 刘绍民, 马明国, 肖青, 柳钦火, 晋锐, 车涛, 王维真, 祁元, 李弘毅, 朱高峰, 郭建文, 冉有华, 闻建光, 王树果. 黑河流域生态-水文过程综合遥感观测联合试验总体设计. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(5): 481-498.查看 | 下载

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数据使用声明

本数据由“黑河生态水文遥感试验（HiWATER）”产生，用户在使用数据时请在正文中明确声明数据的来源，并在参考文献部分引用本元数据提供的引用方式。

资助项目

• 国家自然科学基金重大研究计划“黑河流域生态-水文过程集成研究”重点项目：黑河流域生态-水文过程综合遥感观测试验：水文气象要素与多尺度蒸散发观测(项目编号:91125002) [National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 91125002)]

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相关资源

• 可下载数据
• 中国西部环境与生态数据中心

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数据细节文件列表

• 格式：文本
• 大小：2.61MB
• 下载：97次
• 浏览：4162次
• 数据时间范围：2014-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 数据共享方式：离线

• 元数据作者：张希，刘绍民
• 数据服务联系人：黑河计划数据管理中心
• 联系人：徐自为
• 数据调查与处理者：刘绍民，徐自为，李新，祁元，施生锦
• 资源提供者：刘绍民

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• 元数据更新时间：2019-03-02
• 下载元数据：
• 版本历史：3 个