The monitoring data set of surface water quality in Xining city of Qinghai Province was collected from July, 2015 to July, 2015. The data is collected from the Department of ecological environment of Qinghai Province. The data set contains 15 data tables, which are: surface water quality of Xining City in July 2015, surface water quality of Xining City in November 2015, surface water quality of Xining City in January 2016, and surface water quality of Xining City in February 2016. The data table structure is the same. There are six fields in each data table, such as the monitoring section water quality table of Xining surface water in July 2015 Field 1: serial number Field 2: section name Field 3: executive standard level Field 4: actual water quality grade Field 5: over standard items
Department of Ecology and Environment of Qinghai Province
The data set records the information disclosure form of surface water quality monitoring in Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province from January 2019 to June 2020. The data were collected from the ecological environment bureau of Haixi Prefecture. The data set contains 18 data tables, which are respectively the information disclosure table of surface water quality monitoring in January, February, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of 2019, and the information disclosure table of surface water quality monitoring in January, February, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of 2020. Each data table has 11 fields, such as the information disclosure table of surface water quality monitoring in January 2019 Field 1: serial number Field 2: Region Field 3: water body Field 4: section name Field 5: section level Field 6: monitoring unit Field 7: monitoring frequency Field 8: water quality objectives Field 9: is it up to standard Field 10: over standard factor Field 11: remarks
Ecological Environment Bureau of Haixi Prefecture Qinghai Province
1) These data main included the GPR-surveyed ice thickness of six typical various-sized glaciers in 2016-2018; the GlabTop2-modeled ice thickness of the entire UIB sub-basins, discharge data of the hydrological stations, and related raw & derived data. 2) Data sources and processing methods: We compared the plots and profiles of GPR-surveyed ice bed elevation with the GlabTop2-simulated results and selected the optimal parametric scheme, then simulated the ice thickness of the whole UIB basin and assessed its hydrological effect. These processed results were stored as tables and tif format， 3) Data quality description: The simulated ice thickness has a spatial resolution of 30 m, and has been verified by the GPR-surveyed ice thickness for the MD values were less than 10 m. The maximum error of the GPR-measured data was 230.2 ± 5.4 m, within the quoted glacier error at ± 5%. 4) Synthesizing knowledge of the ice thickness and ice reserves provides critical information for water resources management and regional glacial scientific research, it is also essential for several other fields of glaciology, including hydrological effect, regional climate modeling, and assessment of glacier hazards.
ZHANG Yinsheng
This dataset includes inland water data of five countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) in the great lakes region of Central Asia, including the distribution of rivers, canals and lakes. The linear and area features of each country are stored in different files. The dataset comes from the Digital Map of the World (DCW), and its main source is the Operational Navigation Map (ONC) 1:1,000,000 scale paper map series produced by the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom. The DCW database has not been updated since 1992, and has been provided free of charge since 2006.
XU Xiaofan TAN Minghong
This dataset includes inland water data of five countries in the Great Lakes region of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), including the distribution of rivers, canals and lakes. The line and area features of each country are stored in different files. The dataset comes from the Digital Map of the World (DCW), and its main source is the Operational Navigation Map (ONC) 1:1,000,000 scale paper map series of the US Defense Survey and Mapping Agency (DMA) produced by the United States, Australia, Canada and the UK. The DCW database is the most comprehensive global geographic information system database available free of charge since 2006, although it has not been updated since 1992.
XU Xiaofan TAN Minghong
This dataset includes inland water data of five countries in the Great Lakes region of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), including the distribution of rivers, canals and lakes. The line and area features of each country are stored in different files. The dataset comes from the Digital Map of the World (DCW), and its main source is the Operational Navigation Map (ONC) 1:1,000,000 scale paper map series of the US Defense Survey and Mapping Agency (DMA) produced by the United States, Australia, Canada and the UK. The DCW database is the most comprehensive global geographic information system database available free of charge since 2006, although it has not been updated since 1992.
XU Xiaofan TAN Minghong
Estimate of the thermal state of the ocean is of vital importance to understand the process of air-sea interaction and footprint of climate change in the Indian Ocean. However, the insufficiency and poor coverage of subsurface observation brings quite a large challenge to estimate the subsurface temperature changes accurately. Moreover, surface observation from satellite contains well sample and could also reflect the subsurface information partly. We derived the ‘synthetic profiles’ based on the ‘surface-subsurface regression’ method in order to enrich the subsurface profiles. Then the 3-dimentional gridded temperature dataset are established by combining both the in-situ and synthetic profiles through objective analysis technique. Inter-comparison between the previous released datasets, such as IAP, EN4 and Ishii, this dataset could capture main thermal signal among the Indian Ocean and shows more mesoscale signal because of its higher resolution. This dataset provides monthly mean gridded subsurface temperature estimate among 30E-105E, 45S-30N, ranging from 2005 to 2018. We provide with dataset which has horizontal resolution in quarter degree and 42 vertical levels from surface to 2000-m depth in netCDF format.
WANG Gongjie ZHAO Liang
Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable for high temperature and drought monitoring and climate and ecological environment research. Due to the sparse distribution of ground observation stations, thermal infrared remote sensing technology has become an important means of quickly obtaining ground temperature over large areas. However, there are many missing and low-quality values in satellite-based LST data because clouds cover more than 60% of the global surface every day. This article presents a unique LST dataset with a monthly temporal resolution for China from 2003 to 2017 that makes full use of the advantages of MODIS data and meteorological station data to overcome the defects of cloud influence via a reconstruction model. We specifically describe the reconstruction model, which uses a combination of MODIS daily data, monthly data and meteorological station data to reconstruct the LST in areas with cloud coverage and for grid cells with elevated LST error, and the data performance is then further improved by establishing a regression analysis model. The validation indicates that the new LST dataset is highly consistent with in situ observations. For the six natural subregions with different climatic conditions in China, verification using ground observation data shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) ranges from 1.24 to 1.58 K, the mean absolute error (MAE) varies from 1.23 to 1.37 K and the Pearson coefficient (R2) ranges from 0.93 to 0.99. The new dataset adequately captures the spatiotemporal variations in LST at annual, seasonal and monthly scales. From 2003 to 2017, the overall annual mean LST in China showed a weak increase. Moreover, the positive trend was remarkably unevenly distributed across China. The most significant warming occurred in the central and western areas of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the Northwest Region, and the average annual temperature change is greater than 0.1K (R>0:71, P<0:05), and a strong negative trend was observed in some parts of the Northeast Region and South China Region. Seasonally, there was significant warming in western China in winter, which was most pronounced in December. The reconstructed dataset exhibits significant improvements and can be used for the spatiotemporal evaluation of LST in high-temperature and drought-monitoring studies. More detail please refer to Zhao et al (2020). doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3528024
MAO Kebiao
The Land Surface Temperature in China dataset contains land surface temperature data for China (about 9.6 million square kilometers of land) during the period of 2003-2017, in Celsius, in monthly temporal and 5600 m spatial resolution. It is produced by combing MODIS daily data(MOD11C1 and MYD11C1), monthly data(MOD11C3 and MYD11C3) and meteorological station data to reconstruct real LST under cloud coverage in monthly LST images, and then a regression analysis model is constructed to further improve accuracy in six natural subregions with different climatic conditions.
MAO Kebiao
This data set is the data set of Lake elements in Hoh Xil area of Qinghai Province, which records the main lake characteristics and water quality sampling and analysis data in detail. There are many lakes in Hoh Xil area of Qinghai Province, which is one of the concentrated distribution areas of lakes in Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The basic characteristics of Lake Development in this area are: large quantity, many types and complex structure. According to preliminary statistics, there are 107 lakes with an area of more than 1km2, with a total area of 3825km2 and a lake degree of about 0.05. The original data of the data set is digitized from the book "natural environment of Hoh Xil region in Qinghai Province", which includes 35 main lake characteristic data and 60 lake water chemical analysis data. This data set provides basic data for the study of Hoh Xil area in Qinghai Province, and has reference value for the research in related fields.
LI Bingyuan
Based on Landsat data (kh-9 data in 1976 as auxiliary data), glacial lake data of nearly 40 years (1970s-2018) in the western Nyainqentanglha range were obtained by manual digitization and visual interpretation. The variation characteristics of glacial lake over 0.0036 square kilometers in terms of type, size, elevation and watershed were analyzed in detail. The results show that, between 1976 and 2018, the number of glacial lakes increased by 56% from 192 to 299 and their total area increased by 35% from 6.75 ± 0.13 square kilometers to 9.12 ± 0.13 square kilometers ; the type of glacial lake is changing obviously; the smaller glacial lake is changing faster; the expansion of glacial lake is developing to higher altitude.
LUO Wei ZHANG Guoqing
In order to investigate the variation characteristics of agricultural water resources vulnerability in Central Asia, an index system was established with 18 indicators from three components, namely exposure, sensitivity and adaptation, according to the scheme of vulnerability assessment. Based on the socio-economic, topography, land cover and soil data, agricultural water resources vulnerability were calculated using the Equal-Weights and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Each original raster data is resampled, starting from the upper-left corner of the original grid, and extending to the adjacent right and lower grids in turn, and every four grids (0.5 °) are merged into one grid, taking the median data as the center point value corresponding to four grid of geographic coordinates. The extreme values of the grids could be eliminated. The data sets includes 1992-1996, 1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2017and 1992-2017with a spatial resolution of 0.5°*0.5°. It is expected to provide basic data support for agricultural water supply and demand, development and utilization analysis in five central Asian countries.
LI Lanhai YU Shui
This data provides the annual lake area of 582 lakes with an area greater than 1 km2 in the enorheic basin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1986 to 2019. First, based on JRC and SRTM DEM data, 582 lakes are identified in the area that are larger than 1 km2. All Landsat 5/7/8 remote sensing images covering a lake are used to make annual composite images. NDWI index and Ostu algorithm were used to dynamically segment lakes, and the size of each lake from 1986 to 2019 is then calculated. This study is based on the Landsat satellite remote sensing images, and using Google Earth Engine allowed us to process all Landsat images available to create the most complete annual lake area data set of more than 1 km2 in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area; A set of lake area automatic extraction algorithms were developed to calculate of the area of a lake for many years; This data is of great significance for the analysis of lake area dynamics and water balance in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region, as well as the study of the climate change of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau lake.
ZHU Liping PENG Ping
Based on the long-term observation data of the field stations in the alpine network and the overseas stations in the pan third polar region, a series of data sets of meteorological, hydrological and ecological elements in the pan third polar region are established; through the intensive observation and sample plot and sample point verification in key areas, the inversion of meteorological elements, lake water and water quality, aboveground vegetation biomass, glacier and frozen soil change and other data products are completed; based on the Internet of things, the data products are retrieved Network technology, research and establish meteorological, hydrological, ecological data management platform of multi station networking, to achieve real-time data acquisition and remote control and sharing. The hydrological data set of the surface process and environment observation network in China's alpine regions in 2019 mainly collects the measured hydrological (runoff, water level, water temperature, etc.) data at six stations, including Southeast Tibet station, Zhufeng station, Yulong Snow Mountain station, Namco station, Ali station and Tianshan station. Southeast Tibet station: flow data, including 4 times of using M9 to measure flow in 2019, including average velocity, flow and maximum water depth; relative water level data is measured by hobo pressure water level meter, including daily average relative water level and water temperature data in 2019. Namco station: discharge data, including the data measured by domestic ls-1206b hand-held current meter for 4 times in 2019, including river width and flow data. The water level data is measured by hobo pressure water level meter, including the water pressure, water temperature and electricity of the original 1 hour in 2019. The relative water level can be calculated by water pressure; Everest station: rongbuhe river discharge, including river width and discharge data measured by domestic ls-1206b hand-held current meter 13 times from June to September 2019; Ali station: flow data: including 22 times of irregular measurement data by river anchor M9 in 2019, and relative water level data measured by hobo pressure water level meter, including hourly water level and water temperature data of the whole year in 2019; Tianshan station: water level data: including daily average water level of 3 points in 2019 Yulong Xueshan station: including mujiaqiao flow data from January to October in 2019
ZHU Liping PENG Ping
The data includes the runoff components of the main stream and four tributaries in the source area of the Yellow River. In 2014-2016, spring, summer and winter, based on the measurement of radon and tritium isotopic contents of river water samples from several permafrost regions in the source area of the Yellow River, and according to the mass conservation model and isotope balance model of river water flow, the runoff component analysis of river flow was carried out, and the proportion of groundwater supply and underground ice melt water in river runoff was preliminarily divided. The quality of the data calculated by the model is good, and the relative error is less than 20%. The data can provide help for the parameter calibration of future hydrological model and the simulation of hydrological runoff process.
WAN Chengwei
This dataset contains the ground surface water (including liquid water, glacier and perennial snow) distribution in Qilian Mountain Area in 2019. The dataset was produced based on classical Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) extraction criterion and manual editing. Landsat images collected in 2019 were used as basic data for water index extraction. Sentinel-2 images and Google images were employed as reference data for adjusting the extraction threshold. The dataset was stored in SHP format and attached with the attributions of coordinates and water area. Consisting of 1 season, the dataset has a temporal resolution of 1 year and a spatial resolution of 30 meters. The accuracy is about 1 pixel (±30 meter). The dataset directly reflects the distribution of water bodies within the Qilian Mountain in 2018, and can be used for quantitative estimation of water resource.
LI Jia LI Jianjiang LI Xin LIU Shaomin
1) area data of 317 lakes larger than 10 km2 in 1976, 1990, 2000, 2005 and 2013 were obtained based on multi temporal Landsat images; 2) Combining SRTM DEM and Landsat images, the data of lake water volume change in 1976-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2005 and 2005-2013 were obtained; 3) The accuracy of Lake area is controlled in one pixel, and the accuracy of water volume change is about 5%; 4) This data has been applied to the study of recent changes in lake water volume in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and the results have been published in remote sensing of environment. In other future studies, this data can also be used as basic data, as well as in the analysis of changes in ecological environment, climate change, Lake water quality, etc
ZHU Liping PENG Ping
1) data content (including elements and significance): transparency data of 152 lakes greater than 50 km2 in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in 2000-2019 (Saybolt disk value) 2) Data source and processing method: the data inversion is based on the high-precision transparency inversion model and modis-modocga product data. The remote sensing data is converted into the remote sensing reflectivity R ﹐ RS inversion transparency value, and the annual mean value is calculated. The average value of 3 × 3 pixels in the geometric center of the lake represents the lake. For the case where the geometric center is located outside the lake, the open water area of the lake is taken for calculation. 3) Data quality description: annual average value of lakes. 4) Results and prospects of data application: climate change may change Lake transparency, while the change of Lake transparency will play a feedback role in regional climate change. In this study, the inversion of Lake transparency in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau provides basic data for the energy exchange of the lake air interface.
ZHU Liping PENG Ping
This data includes the daily average water temperature data at different depths of Nam Co Lake in Tibet which is obtained through field monitoring. The data is continuously recorded by deploying the water quality multi-parameter sonde and temperature thermistors in the water with the resolution of 10 minutes and 2 hours, respectively, and the daily average water temperature is calculated based on the original observed data. The instruments and methods used are very mature and data processing is strictly controlled to ensure the authenticity and reliability of the data; the data has been used in the basic research of physical limnology such as the study of water thermal stratification, the study of lake-air heat balance, etc., and to validate the lake water temperature data derived from remote sensing and different lake models studies. The data can be used in physical limnology, hydrology, lake-air interaction, remote sensing data assimilation verification and lake model research.
WANG Junbo
In April 2014 and may 2016, 21 Lakes (7 non thermal lakes and 14 thermal lakes) were collected in the source area of the Yellow River (along the Yellow River) respectively. The abundance of hydrogen and oxygen allogens was measured by Delta V advantage dual inlet / hdevice system in inno tech Alberta laboratory in Victoria, Canada. The isotope abundance was expressed in the form of δ (‰) (relative to the average seawater abundance in Vienna) ）Test error: δ 18O: 0.1 ‰, δ D: 1 ‰. The data also includes Lake area and lake basin area extracted from Landsat 2017 image data in Google Earth engine.
WAN Chengwei
